To Be Sympathetic or to Not Be Sympathetic Bigger Thomas Essay Example

To Be Sympathetic or to Not Be Sympathetic: Bigger Thomas Paper In today’s society we live in a nation, which has abolished slavery, and the gap between the whites and the blacks during the early stages of Americas development has plainly carried into the present. In Native Son, author Richard Wright illustrates this racial gap, in addition to demonstrating how white oppression upon blacks is capable of producing revengeful individuals, not to mention being an immoral act in itself. Bigger Thomas is one of those individuals, who discovers his capacity to rebel through acts of murder against the white society, which has for long oppressed his family, friends, and himself. By tracing Biggers psyche from before the murder of Mary Dalton, into the third book of the novel, and into the subconscious depths of the final scene, the development of Biggers self realization becomes evident. Throughout the novel, Bigger commits murder twice and engages in other behavior that the reader is likely to find socially and morally unacceptable. Yet one might argue that Bigger merely responded to the conditions in which he lived and which shaped him. If one advocates such a response, Bigger might be viewed as a sympathetic character. My position, with respect to this dilemma, is that Bigger has a way to control his actions and the actions he chose come with major consequences. Although Bigger had to conceal his slave mentality, Bigger should have rebelled against the bad route in his life and chose the good path, since nobody can serve his jail time but HIM. We will write a custom essay sample on To Be Sympathetic or to Not Be Sympathetic: Bigger Thomas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To Be Sympathetic or to Not Be Sympathetic: Bigger Thomas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To Be Sympathetic or to Not Be Sympathetic: Bigger Thomas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An entire period of Biggers life, up until the murder of Mary Dalton, portrays him under a form of slavery, where the white society governs his state of being. While he worked for the Daltons, his courage to live depended upon how successfully his fear was hidden from his consciousness(44), and hate also builds on top of this fear. Once he is in contact with Mary, his fears and hate pour out in a rebellious act of murder, because to Bigger Mary symbolizes the white oppression. In addition, he committed the act, because it had made him feel free for the first time in his life(255). At last he feels he is in control of his actions and mentality. He rebels against the burden of the white mans torment. He had been scared and mad all . . . [his] life(328), until he killed Mary. After this, he was not scared of anyone, anymore. Thus, the murder of Mary Dalton serves as a turning point in Biggers life, for it breaks him free of subservience to anyone other

Nandos Successes and Failures Essay Example

Nandos Successes and Failures Essay Example Nandos Successes and Failures Paper Nandos Successes and Failures Paper Nodes * Its success Is due to Its commitment to encouraging and developing the skills of Its workforce. Of management used to be cashiers or grilles. Communication and implementation of its core value systems is important. * one part chicken; one part people * Combining the right people with a winning product has got Nodes to where it is Nodes Vision: To keep exploring new territory. Nodes justified its vision by keeping an underachieving store open. They franchised the store, and with the right people in charge, the underachieving store made a complete turnaround. Advantage or Disadvantage: 30% company owned 65% franchisee owned * 5% Joint venture operations Franchisees can become complacent and not treat the brand with the same dedication as the owners. Advantage: * Risky decisions are commonplace In Nodes culture. * Opportunities arise and Unhands makes decisions to capitalize on them. Is an ethos that forms the entrepreneurial lifeblood of the company. Disadvantage: This * The risky decisions tend to make franchisees nervous, as some franchisees might not be risk takers by nature. This can be turned Into an advantage, as Unhands promotes open communication and transparency between the owners and raunchiness. General * Everything at Nodes is designed to support its people. Evidence that Ands is more than Just a business for profit. * Franchisers transfer their beliefs and excitement about the brand to Its franchisees. * Unhands management lead by example a good entrepreneur knows that this Is essential. * Monads wants to attract people who share their core values, pride, passion, courage and integrity. They attract vibrant, adventurous people and strive to keep them. Ands in AS is looking at moving into the fast-casual market in order to differentiate themselves. True entrepreneurs always strive to stay ahead of their competition, by moving into new markets, or changing their product offerings. * Ands strives to show customers true excellence Ana GAO value rate in AS. Overseas markets Nanas NAS a Trances success * Nodes aims to have 25 restaurants in the USA b y 2015 successful in Australia, I-J, Singapore, Malaysia The Entrepreneurs: Borzoi and Treated * Franchises are highly Borzoi had no experience in the food industry he saw an opportunity and capitalized on it. Treated was born in Portugal, and introduced Borzoi to a Portuguese stature in Johannesburg. They took the risk of buying it, despite being warned that the fast food industry was unprofitable, flooded by too many role players. Nodes Advertising * Entrepreneur Borzoi identified the importance of marketing as a key factor in Nodes strategy. * Nodes developed a unique and irreverent style of external communications. * This allowed them to stand out from their conservative competitors and to achieve greater effects at a lower cost. * Their advertising is rooted in their in-depth understanding of the local markets psyche. Nodes definitely has a good sense of humor! This sets them apart from other fast food giants as their style is unique and it would be difficult for competitors to copy their style. * Nodes approach: Marketing efforts focus on establishing our distinctiveness. * As part of its strategy, Nodes identified adventurous brand building as a core component. * Their advertising is always provocative, topical, interesting, generating public comment and debate. * Managers believe strongly in the brand, focusing their energies on building brand equity. Their marketing is extended to community level, each store is encouraged to be involved in local remissions that support communities and simultaneously promoting the Nodes image. Problems experienced going abroad * In the mid asss entrepreneurs from Asia became interested in Nodes concept. * Borzoi was informed that Nodes did not have the infrastructure to handle a global expansion successfully. * The south African operations had grown and the st ructure was becoming more difficult to manage. * Borzoi realized that a change in approach was needed (entrepreneurs need to be strategic in their thinking. In this case, Borzoi showed this by realizing that the change was needed in order to be successful). * Nodes international was formed in 1995 to leverage international business. Mike Denton-Stevens was appointed as the group development strategist. * Denton-Stevens was directly responsible to Borzoi for the formulation and monitoring of global strategies and the development of systems, models and manuals. * He spent more than 2 years building models, writing manuals. Very thorough planning indeed! Generalness Take wilt International expansion * Nodes struggled with the idea of how to retain their culture and values while expanding abroad. It was challenging to build critical mass in overseas markets. In most countries people were not familiar with Portuguese food. Nodes thought it would be a simple matter of using their advertising style in AS in the overseas markets. They realized that their advertising would have to be more educational in nature. Humor is a cultural thing and Nodes assumed that humor and irreverence were good positioning strategies worldwide. * Marketing manuals for the overseas markets were written as do it yourself manuals. Countries had to market at store level, in order to gain a feel for their market.

Assessment Of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction

Assessment Of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction It has been established that the frontal lobes play a major part in an individual’s decision making, planning, problem solving, social, emotional and behavioural skills. Consequently dysfunction of the frontal lobe can cause a wide range of symptoms (Kolb and Wishaw 1996) leading to relatively specific clinical dysfunction therefore a neuropsychological assessment is necessary to be carried out on the patient. The present study looks at the case of patient Mr. A who is reported to experience attention difficulties and problems with planning and organising after sustaining a head injury. Three neuropsychological tests have been used; WCST, TMT and TEA in order to identify the extent of the deficit. In line with previous research Mr. A’s performed poorly on tests and scored low in comparison to the normative scores. Other tests have also been suggested as well as strategies of rehabilitation for the patient. Frontal lobe located at the front of the cerebral hemisphere is the largest lobe in the brain associated with an individual’s personality and emotional control. The frontal lobes are responsible for planning, organising, selective attention, personality, behaviour and emotions. As well as this the frontal lobes are also involved in motor function (Passingham 1995), Spontaneity of behaviour (Kolb and Milner 1981), initiation, judgement, impulse control (Milner 1964, Miller 1985), social and sexual behaviour (Damasio 1985). More specifically the right frontal lobe is associated with an individual’s sense of humour, self awareness, self face recognition and episodic memory (Stuss 1991, Fink et al 1996, Wheeler et al 1997, Levine et al 1998, Craik et al 1999, Keenan et al 1999, Shammi and Stuss 1999). It is the orbitofrontal cortex that arbitrates empathic, civil and socially appropriate behaviour (Mega and Cummings 1994). Furthermore it is also reported that executive processes of the prefrontal lobe are responsible for planning, mon itoring, energizing, switching and inhibition (Stuss 2007). In the recent years cognitive neuroscience studies have shown that damage to the frontal lobe can affect high level of cognitive functions as well as an individual’s personality, their social behaviour, personal memories and their self awareness (Alexander et al 1979, Brazzelli et al 1994, Damasio 1994, Adolphs et al 1995, Channon and Crawford 1999, Rogers et al 1999, Stuss et al 2001). Studies have also shown that damage to the prefrontal lobe particularly damage to the ventromedial frontal is associated with poor decision making (Eslinger and Damasio 1985, Harlow 1999, Ackerly 2000). In addition to this damage to the left or right orbitofrontal results in personality changes including indifference or impaired social judgement, impaired pragmatics, deficient effective responsiveness, poor self-regulation and lack of ability to relate social situations with personal experience (Nauta 1973, Stuss and Benson 1983, Kacz marek 1984). Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex also results in the patient’s change of personality whereby they might become more irritable, labile, display lack of self restraint and fail to respond to the conventions of socially acceptable behaviour. In some case studies patients have reported descriptions of behavioural changes that are related to social difficulties such as egocentrism, insensitivity to social cues, unresponsiveness to another’s opinion, lack of self restraint, diminished foresight, impaired self monitoring, a propensity to show signs of inappropriate affect and social withdrawal (Eslinger and Damasio 1985, Eslinger et al 1992, Price et al 1990). The famous case of Phineas Gage was the first case study to highlight the impact of frontal lobe damage on an individual’s personality, decision making and social behaviour (Damasio 1994). Phineas Gage suffered an extreme injury to the frontal lobe when a 13 pound, 3-foot-long tamping rod when thro ugh his head; entering through his left cheek and exiting through the midline of his skull. Astonishingly after the event Gage still had the ability to walk, communicate and remain lucid and was examined by Dr Harlow (1848) who noticed the changes in his behaviour. In his report Harlow identified that from previously being identified as a smart, efficient, dependable and capable foreman by his employers and diligent, honest and well liked by friends, after his accident Gage became fitful, irreverent, foulmouthed liar, impatient, extravagant, anti social and profane especially when advice was given to him that he didn’t like (Harlow 1868).

Another new assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Another new assignment - Essay Example The patient, who is the direct recipient of the delivery of health care service, is the most qualified person to assess, evaluate and judge the quality of healthcare that he or she receives. If the patient is totally immobile or unconscious during the confinement in the health institution, then, the immediate relative (spouse, children) who regularly accompanies the patient and oversees the delivery of the required medical services, is the next authorized person to gauge the quality of health care rendered and received by the patient. Quality is measured in terms of customer perspectives with emphasis on the following: (1) accessibility and availability of service; (2) timely and safe delivery of service; (3) coordination and continuity of care between services; and (4) effectiveness of services (i.e., the delivery and outcome of care). (ibid. p. 74) Delaune & Ladner (2006) averred that â€Å"a healthcare organization must be concerned with doing the right things (efficiency, appropriateness) and doing the right things well (availability, timeliness, effectiveness, continuity, safety, efficiency, and respect and caring)† (p. 74) Quality measurement consists of evaluating three interrelated components: structure (philosophy, guidelines, facilities, financial resources, policies, procedures, and job descriptions); process (nursing care and standards of care); and finally, outcome (client’s health status, self-care abilities, acquisition of knowledge, and higher level of wellness). The steps enumerated in Table 1 utilized by John Groocock in a big manufacturing firm have some parallelism to the measurement of quality in a healthcare institution except that the terminologies and classifications are not exactly the same. As previously noted, the elements needed in evaluating the quality of care in a hospital setting fall under three categories: structure, process, and outcome.

What is Public Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Public Administration - Research Paper Example e of functions such as developing policy and legislation; implementing policies; managing programs, people, and budgets; and providing vital daily services for the well-being of citizens Public administration refers to two meanings: first, it is concerned with the implementation of government policy; second, it is an academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service. Instructions: This research paper should be a one page summary on a letter size 8.5 x 11 paper with the information on the front and back of the page. It should be typed single spaced, 12pt font, include in the summary a chart, diagram, or an at-a-glance view on a main idea in the reading. Students will be expected to include in the summary a current event (within one year) issue relative to the topic. You may consult any number of sources, newspapers,on-line news, news magazines, journals, news and or political television shows.The student is expected to cite any such source in the response. First paragraph (Topic of Focus: brief overview of "What is Public Administration?", Chapter two of The Politics of the Administrative Process by Donald F. Kettl. The header should be at the start of the paragraph, typed in bold font, 12pt, Times New Roman Third Paragraph header in bold, 12pt fontin Times New Roman writing style "What I Know Now" (Describe how your diagram, chart, or table expresses an at-a-glance view of what you learned in the

Vaccination Case Study Essay Example for Free

Vaccination Case Study Essay I. Introduction a.Thesis: Children should be vaccinated because vaccination protects them against sickness, reduces the spread of common ailments, and can protect individuals who cannot be vaccinated. b. Strategy: Ask a provoking/rhetorical question II.Protecting against sickness III.Reducing the spread of common ailments IV.Protecting individuals who can’t be vaccinated V.Conclusion a.Strategy: Recommendation Did you know that some childhood diseases, such as polio, whooping cough, and especially the measles, have nearly been eliminated in the United States due to the implementation of vaccination (â€Å"Lode Tot, Other Cases Prompt Call for Vaccinations† 1)? Unfortunately, these diseases and others like them are now making a comeback thanks to parents who are reluctant to have their children vaccinated. I believe children should be vaccinated because vaccination protects them against sickness, reduces the spread of common ailments, and can protect individuals who cannot be vaccinated. The first pressing reason to vaccinate children is to prevent them from contracting diseases. It can hardly be argued that immunizations fail to protect the majority of children from getting the infection the immunization was designed to prevent. In the 18th century, for example, hundreds of thousands of Americans were infected by a crippling condition called polio. Polio was a terrible infection that caused sufferers to lose the use of their legs. Many had to walk with braces or crutches. Some lost the ability to walk and had to be placed in wheelchairs, while others were so disabled they became unable to engage in any physical activity, or even died of the condition. Polio was so prevalent it even affected American president Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Schnell 2)! Thanks to vaccinations, today polio is all but unheard of in the USA, and in other countries that immunize against it. This example alone should show the desirability of immunization. Who would want to see a family member crippled to the point  of death from a preventable condition? In addition to protecting single individuals from illness, vaccinations protect entire communities, including both children and adults. One person who contracts an illness has the potential to transfer it to literally millions of others. For example, in Africa a single person contracted Ebola from eating contaminated game in the spring of 2014, and now sources say 1.4 million people could be infected within nine months of the first case (Mansbridge 1). Imagine of that single person could have been vaccinated! Hundreds of thousands of people might not have contracted the virus, and might have lived. At the very least, they would not have endured a horrible period of sickness. This means that when parents vaccinate their children, they are protecting everyone who would come into contact with them, even at a remove of hundreds or thousands of middle-men. Therefore, vaccinating can even protect people from future generations, because allowing contagious diseased to be transmitted also al lows them to persist through time. Vaccination also provides a useful service to a particularly vulnerable subset of the population: those individuals who, for one reason or another, cannot be vaccinated. When the population vaccinates regularly, few or no people can get an illness, and those who cannot take vaccines are never exposed to it. However, when people fail to vaccinate their children, the illnesses creep in, and those

An analysis of how dikh (‘justice’) and its associated values are Essay

An analysis of how dikh (‘justice’) and its associated values are presented and translated in two passages from Sophocles: Electra. What broader issues are raised and how would these be investigated further? The concept of dikh, or ‘justice’ has many subtle meanings and variations in Ancient Greek ranging from the primary definition given in LS (Liddell and Scotts, ‘Greek-English Lexicon’, Intermediate, 1889, page 202) of custom to right, judgement, lawsuit, penalty and vengeance. The OCD (Hornblower S, Oxford Classical Dictionary, 1996, Page 469) reference to Likh describes it as the, ‘personification of justice’ and the daughter of Zeus that, ‘reports men’s wrongdoing to Zeus’. Sophocles’ rendition of the tragic play Electra forms a useful focal point for the analysis of how dike and its associated values are presented and translated. As Kitto (Kitto, H.D.F, ‘Greek Tragedy’, 1997, Routledge Page 131, Section 4) pointed out, this play’s, ‘central problem is a problem of ‘dikh’ (‘Justice’). The play itself examines both the desire for justice by the children of the murdered Agamemnon as well as the arguments of justice by his wife (Clytaemnestra for his murder). All of this takes place under the watchful eye of Apollo, the God of both reason and prophecy, both of which play a part in the story that is told. The first extract is that of the argument between Clytaemnestra and Electra (Sophocles, Translator Watling, E.F., ‘Electra and other plays’, pg 84-56, lines 518-543) concerning her justification for the murder of Agamemnon. In this extract we are presented with a selection of references to justice and how Clytaemnestra explains how she was right in her murder of her husband. At line 518 (Ibid.,) she complains at her portrayal as ‘an unjust tyrant’, presumably implying that she was not within her right or custom to kill him. Between lines 524-526 (Ibid.,) she says that justice and duty are tied together and that her duty was to seek justice whilst Electra failed in this area. At line 535 (Ibid.,) she says, ‘why should he not be brought to justice for killing what was mine?’. In modern terms this could be considered simple revenge, or dikhn. She is does not justify her action because of tradition or precedent, purely because he took something of hers. In lines 539-541 (Ibid.,) she argues that Agamemnon love might ... ... study ties in perfectly with the idea of moral dilemmas, duty and especially justice. In ‘Electra’ we find our idea of our own values and those of the period to be challenged, this study may assist here. Williams. B, ‘Moral Luck’, 1981, Cambridge Williams. B, ‘Problems of the self’, 1973, Cambridge Williams. B, ‘Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy’, 1985, Cambridge Williams’ work covered a wide range of ethical and morals areas and his research is relatively recent. ‘Moral Luck’, though not directly related will almost certainly have a few useful ideas concerning fate and possibly justification. Plato, Translator Guthrie, W.K.C. ‘Protagoras and Meno’, 1956, Penguin Books Plato discusses the idea of virtue in great depth in the ‘Protagoras’ and this could shed further light on the ideas of virtue, honour, duty and possibly justice. Aeschylus, Translator Fagles, R, ‘The Orestia’, 1977, Penguin Books Euripides, Editor Ferguson, J , "Medea and Electra", 1987, Bristol Classical Press Another version of the story of Electra would be of great use, especially by another tragedian, in this case Euripides. This version is written as more of a melodrama.

Education System in Pakistan Essay

The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels:- 1) Primary (Grades one to Grade 5) 2) Middle (Grades six to Grade 8) 3) High (Grade Nine to Grade 10) Also known as Secondary 4) Intermediate (Grade eleven to 12) Also known as Higher Secondary 5) University (Undergraduate and Graduate degree) (14 to 16 Years of Education) 1) Primary Level of Education The standard national system of education is mainly inspired from the British System. Pre-School education is designed for 3-5 years old and usually consists of three stages (Play Group, Nursery and Kindergarten (KG)). After pre-school education, students go through junior school from grade 1 to 5. Only 80% of Pakistani children finish primary school education. 2) Middle Level of Education After passing grade 5 Examination which is conducted by the Punjab Examination Commission Lahore, students are promoted in to Middle Level ie grade 6 to 8. At middle level single-sex education is usually preferred by the community but co-education is also common in urban cities of the Pakistan. Subject Taught at Middle Level of Education: At middle level of education the eight commonly examined subjects are Urdu, English, Mathematics, Arts, Science, Social Studies, Islamiyat and sometime Computer Studies. Some institutes also give instruction in foreign languages such as Turkish, Arabic, Persian, French and Chinese. The language of instruction depends on the nature of the institution itself, whether it is an English medium school or an Urdu medium School. 3) High/Secondary Level of Education After passing grade 8 Examination which is conducted by the Punjab Examination Commission Lahore, Students are promoted to High/Secondary Level ie grade 9 to 10 which is also known Secondary School Certificate (SSC). Students are required to pass a national examination administered by a regional Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education (BISE). Upon successful completion of these two examination, they are awarded a SSC Certificate. This locally known as â€Å"Matriculation†. Subject Taught at Secondary Level of Education: The curriculum usually includes a combination of eight courses including elective subject such as (Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Computer) as well as compulsory subject such as (Mathematics, English, Urdu, Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies). 4) Intermediate/Higher Secondary Level of Education The students are promoted to grade 11 after passing of grade 10. Upon successful completion of grade 11 and grade 12 Examination by the BISE, students are awarded the Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC). This level of education is also called the FSc/FA or â€Å"Intermediate†. There are many groups that students can choose for their 11 and 12 grades, such as pre-medical, pre-engineering, humanities and commerce. Subject Taught at Intermediate/Higher Secondary Level of Education: At Intermediate level each group consists of three elective and as well as three compulsory subject of English, Urdu, Islamiyat(grade 11 only) and Pakistan Studies (Grade 12 only). 6) University Level of Education (Undergraduate and Graduate degree) After earning HSSC (Higher Secondary School Certificate), students may study in a professional college/University for Bachelor’s degree courses such as engineering (B.Engg/BS Engg), medicine (MBBS), dentistry (BDS), veterinary medicine (DVM), law (LLB), architecture (B. Arch), pharmacy (Pharm-D) and nursing (B. Nurs). These courses require four or five years of study. There are some councils and boards that will handle all the educational matters in these cases and they are known as the PMDC, Pakistan pharmacy council and Pakistan nursing council. Students can also attend a university for Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (B. Sc), Bachelor of Commerce (B. Com). At university level there are two types of Bachelor courses in Pakistan: Pass or Honors. Pass degree requires two years of study and students normally read three optional subjects (such as Chemistry or Economics) in addition to almost equal number of compulsory subject such as English and Pakistan Studies. Honours degree required three or four years of study, and students normally specialize in a chosen field of study such as Microbiology (BS Hons. Microbiology). After successful completion of B. A,B. Sc, students enrolled in Master degree programme that require 2 years education to get the Master degree. Masters in Philosophy (M. Phil) is available in most of the subject and can be undertaken after doing Masters. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) education is also available in selected areas and is usually pursued after earning a M. Phil degree. Students pursuing M. Phil or PhD degree must choose a specific field and a university that is doing research work in that filed. M. Phil and PhD education in Pakistan requires minimum of 2 years of study. Dr. Qaisar Abbas Janjua M. A (Education).

Freedom of Information

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1BACKGROUND OF STUDY In a nation there are some fundamental elements that demonstrate the true existence of certain rights in such a society and these go a long way in showing that it is truly developed in every sense of the word. The level of a nation’s â€Å"maturity† depends on how well it fulfils these elements, one of which is Freedom of information. A government ought to be accountable to its people. Freedom of information has two sides namely, the freedom to convey information, and the freedom to access information.As such, it consists of press freedom and freedom to access any information by the general public. According to Hughes â€Å"the concept of freedom refers to a certain type of political empowerment. It refers specifically to equal empowerment. In other words, a free society is one with an equal distribution of legal rights and in which each and every person has as much legal rights as possible † (Hughes. , 2007). And the Oxford dictionary goes on to say define information as â€Å"Knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact, subject or event; that of which one is apprised or told; intelligence, news†.Freedom of information simply put, gives you the right to ask any public body for all the information they have on any subject you choose (â€Å"Freedom of information,† 2001). Having listened to so much talk about â€Å"freedom of information† it is indeed pertinent to carefully and deliberately look into the likely objects of the government at different stages or rather eras of press freedom in Nigeria and express likely views on the issue.The study will also outline importance of freedom of information, consequences and eventual support for or disapproval of freedom of information in the society, making comparisons of this in both military and civilian regimes from Nigeria’s independence till date. This will be the rationale of this study. According to artic le 19 of the universal human rights, every person has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, to hold opinions without interference and to convey or access information through any media. This study seeks to investigate the practice of this in Nigeria, at different points in time. . 2OBJECTIVES OF STUDY The major objectives of this research as previously mentioned in the background of study are: 1. To outline the freedom of information at different stages in Nigeria – the past, the present and the future of freedom of information going forward. 2. To look at the metamorphosis of freedom of information in Nigeria from its independence in 1960 till date. 3. To research and discuss the likely developments to be expected in this regard as well as where we are with freedom of information and bills being worked on. 4.To tender likely solutions to the problems and limitations of Freedom of information in Nigeria. 1. 3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The study is focused on exploring th e how freedom to convey, air and publish views or information affected us in the past, and how it has affected our growth as a nation. It also seeks to pin point the state of things with regards to the research topic, as well as prospects for the future. 1. 4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The research will answer the following questions: †¢What was the state of freedom of information in the country during the early stages of our independence? What was the state of freedom of information in the military era? †¢What was the implication of the level of freedom of information on the nation during that era? †¢What has been the state of freedom of information during the civilian era? †¢How has the state of freedom of information affected the growth of Nigeria as a nation? †¢What is the current state of freedom of information in the country? †¢What are the prospects and solutions to problems with freedom of information? 1. 5SCOPE OF STUDYThe study will examine freedom of information under press freedom and freedom of access to information by the public. It will examine this under such eras as, the military and civilian eras and will weigh the progress made over time, as well as make comparisons of both periods. The study will also outline the steps taken for or against the freedom of information with regards to press freedom and accessibility to information by the different administrations. It will examine the ways in which the government has affected freedom of information and how this has affected or will affect our growth as a nation. . 6RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This research will make use of both primary and secondary sources of information. The primary sources to be used will include the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, statute books, law reports, journals as well as other relevant materials, pertaining to freedom of information. The secondary sources to be used are texts and other online materials written within and outside t he country, dictionaries and other materials that will aid in answering the research questions. . 7LITERATURE REVIEW The literature to be reviewed includes a number of journals, texts, as well as scholarly articles which are relevant to the study. The study seeks to develop on previous works by different authors and scholars. 1. 8CONCLUSION The study should conclusively after considering the pros and cons as well as development and implications of freedom of information fall in tune with the agitation of freedom of information or agree that indeed a limit should be rested on.It will also arrival on conclusions on the stand of the government, the press and the people on press freedom as well as solutions proffered to the problems of freedom of information. Work Cited Sveiby , K. (1994, October). Information in etymology. Retrieved from http://www. sveiby. com/articles/Information. html Freedom of information. (2001, SEPMTEMBER). Retrieved from http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/governmen tcitizensandrights/yourrightsandresponsibilities/dg_4003239 Hughes. , S. (2007, May). What freedom means to me. Retrieved from http://onlinephilosophyclub. com/definition-of-freedom. php

Crime and Drug Use misc1 essays

Crime and Drug Use misc1 essays Crime and Drug Use federal tax dollars to fund these therapeutic communities in prisons. I feel that if we teach these prisoners some self-control and alternative lifestyles that we can keep them from reentering the prisons once they get out. I am also going to describe some of todays programs that have proven to be very effective. Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the general theory of crime. It According to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender are separate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegal activities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous. Crimes are committed when they promise rewards with minimum threat of pain or punishment. Crimes that provide easy, short-term gratification are often committed. The number of offenders may remain the same, while crime rates fluctuate due to the amount of opportunity (Siegel 1998). Criminal offenders are people that are predisposed to committing crimes. This does not mean that they have no choice in the matter, it only means that their self-control level is lower than average. When a person has limited self-control, they tend to be more impulsive and shortsighted. This ties back in with crimes that are committed that provide easy, short-term gratification. These people do not necessarily have a tendency to commit crimes, they just do not look at long-term consequences and they tend to be reckless and self-centered (Longshore 1998, pp.102-113). These people with lower levels of self-control also engage in non-criminal acts as well. These acts include drinking, gambling, smoking, and illicit sexual activity (Siegel 1998). Also, drug use is a common act that is performed by these people. They do not look at the consequences of the drugs, while they get the short-term gratification. Sometimes this drug abuse becomes an addiction and then the person will commit other small crimes to get the drugs or them money to get the d...

Creating Good Relationships with the Public through Well Designed Dissertation

Creating Good Relationships with the Public through Well Designed Communication - Dissertation Example Good design is always an important element of any creation, but in politics the impact can be a defining element for the future. Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Design is a part of the way that life is translated through the creation of objects and ideas that support modern life. When a design is flawed, the purpose of an object can become a hindrance to an effective result. An example of this can be seen in the butterfly ballots in Florida during the 2000 election in the United States where the Presidency was affected by the inadequacy of the design. The future of the world was impacted by the decision that was cast through a voting system that was inadequate to the purpose of its design. Discussing Design Design is the kind of word that has a great many meanings and can be applied to a great number of applications in the human experience. Designing something means creating an arrangement that will meet a specific goal. Design can mean creating a visual impact through the edito rial point of view as it is adapted for fashion or for interiors, or through the impact of design aesthetics on a message that is intended to persuade or inform. Design, in all of its forms, is an action and the consequence of the action is to communicate something from the designer to the public with the designed product being the conduit of the information. To design is to intend a communication. There are a great number of ways in which design impacts our daily life without considering that it has been designed to specifically create intent for the framework of the way we perceive the world. Culture is created through the application of designed perceptions on the way in which life is lived. This does not mean that the communication of the design has the impact that is intended, but it does mean that it will have a form of impact that can influence the direction of cultural development. Design is the activity of the creator, but the meanings that are interpreted from what has bee n designed belongs to the public. The conduit, the object that has been designed does not always have to be a tangible item. The design intent can be intangible, a method of creating communication that impacts the receiver in such a way as to enact an impression towards information that the designer wishes to convey. The design of this impact can be through a variety of related symbols of what is intended, everything from the clothing that an individual who represents that information wears to the way in which text that is related to the information is chosen to convey some form of meaning upon the words that are used. Summary The following paper is intended to explore the way in which design has impacted the political landscape, using the United States as a central example. Modern life is the result of design as objects can be seen as a part of the development of culture for the utilitarianism of the objects. When the utility of an object fails, the consequences can be understood a s long reaching and fateful in terms of how the world evolves. Design, therefore, is an act that is aggressive and

End of Cold War and Collapse of Soviet Union Essay

End of Cold War and Collapse of Soviet Union - Essay Example e 1980s in order to determine why the Soviet Union left Eastern Europe and the extent to which Gorbachev can be held responsible for the subsequent collapse of communism. Though the reasons for the collapse of communism in the CEE countries are numerous, Gorbachev is at the heart of the said event. Historians have examined the dramatic end of the Cold War almost since the day the Berlin Wall came crashing down. Some, most notably Karen Dawisha, predicted the event earlier. She released her book Eastern Europe, Gorbachev, and Reform in 1988, and understood that Gorbachev knew the regimes in Eastern Europe were illegitimate, placed in power by the Soviet Union on the coattails of the Red Army's entrance into the area during the closing days of World War II.2 However, she argued that if Gorbachev was serious in his intentions concerning noninterference in the affairs of sovereign states, then Eastern Europe would likely soon break away from the Soviet grasp and attempt to move west.3 Charles Gati theorized in his important work The Bloc that Failed: Soviet-East European Relations in Transition, that the Soviet Union lost control of Eastern Europe due to an extraordinary domestic crisis which consumed their attention and resources.4 Moreover, The Warsaw Pact was an ineffective mec hanism for collective security, according to Gati, since its member states each had different perceived enemies, oftentimes another member of the Warsaw Pact.5 Joseph Rothschild stated that the stability of Eastern Europe depended directly on the economic performance of the country in question.6 By the time Gorbachev came to power, he realized that a serious overhaul of the system was necessary due to the flagging economies of the Eastern Europe satellite states, in crisis before but never this severely. Like Charles Gati, Rothschild stated that by the 1980s, Eastern Europe had broken out of the conformist mold placed on it after World War II by Joseph Stalin, and each country began to pursue its own different interests.7 Thus the "Soviet bloc" was a collection of different states each moving in its own direction; Gorbachev had very limited choices, and ultimately let them Return to Diversity. These views hold to the tenet that the breakup of the Soviet bloc was due to internal fact ors in the countries of Eastern Europe.8 Other authors have studied the internal demise of the Soviet Union, placing the emphasis on themes ranging from the nationalities problem to incorrect decisions by the General Secretary. Helene Carrere d' Encausse examined the former in her work The End of the Soviet Empire, in which she chronicled the difficulty of governing an empire